Gujarat Reports Suspected Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Case in Infant

Ahmedabad : A suspected case of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has emerged in Gujarat after two confirmed cases were reported in Bengaluru earlier this week. A two-month-old infant admitted to a private hospital in Chandkheda is believed to be positive for HMPV, according to preliminary reports. However, official confirmation from health authorities is still pending.

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) confirmed the first two cases of HMPV in India earlier this week at a Karnataka hospital. The affected patients include a three-month-old female and an eight-month-old infant.

What is Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)?

HMPV, first discovered in 2001, belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, alongside the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Despite its relatively recent identification, serological studies suggest that HMPV has been circulating in humans for over 60 years, with a global distribution.

The virus primarily affects young children, older adults, and individuals with compromised immune systems, causing upper and lower respiratory illnesses. Symptoms include cold-like signs such as congestion, cough, and fever, though severe cases may lead to pneumonia or bronchitis. HMPV’s incubation period ranges from three to five days.

Unlike influenza or COVID-19, there is no vaccine for HMPV, and antiviral drugs are not recommended. Prevention involves simple measures such as frequent handwashing, wearing masks, and maintaining overall immunity through a healthy lifestyle.

Global Concerns Around HMPV

HMPV gained global attention in 2023, with cases reported in the Netherlands, Britain, Finland, Australia, Canada, the US, and China. Recent outbreaks have raised alarm due to an increase in sudden deaths, particularly in individuals aged 40 to 80.

In China, HMPV is part of a larger viral surge alongside Influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19. Overburdened healthcare systems and reports of severe pneumonia in children, colloquially termed “white lung” cases, have intensified public concern.

A respiratory expert from a Shanghai hospital recently cautioned against the indiscriminate use of antiviral drugs for HMPV, emphasizing that there is no targeted treatment for the virus. Symptoms are generally manageable with supportive care, making prevention a critical strategy.

India’s Response to HMPV

The suspected case in Gujarat underscores the need for vigilance as India begins to encounter HMPV cases. With confirmed cases already identified in Bengaluru, healthcare authorities are expected to closely monitor the spread of this respiratory virus.

Pediatricians and health experts advise parents to watch for respiratory symptoms in children and seek timely medical attention. Hospitals are also gearing up to manage potential surges in cases, especially in urban centers where population density increases the risk of transmission.

The Chandkheda case remains under observation, and further testing will confirm if the infant is indeed positive for HMPV. In the meantime, the public is urged to adopt preventive measures and remain informed about developments related to HMPV.